Alireza Mohebbi, Fahimeh Azadi, Touba Ghorbanzadeh, Shabnam Naderifar,
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases due to infectious agents Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Human Cytomegalovirus (HMCV) in immunocompetent patients are usually asymptomatic and are related to rare cases of GI complications. The present study reviews the most prevalent clinical findings and GI tract symptoms of CMV and TB cases for a better prognosis and therapeutic approaches. Epigastric pain or tenderness is the most reported symptom in patients with HCMV infection of the GI tract. Patients may develop a fever in some cases with antrum ulcers (~39°C). Edema is also reported in young adults and children, mainly depicted on the feet or face. Similarly, epigastric pain is the main symptom observed in patients with gastric TB. Weight loss due to decreased appetite, nausea, and vomiting in TB patients was also reported. The diagnosis of gastric CMV and TB could be symptomatic. Clinical findings, including positive anti-CMV IgM and endoscopic enlarged gastric folds and high liver enzymes with hypo (proteinemia) albuminemia, can be the indications of gastric CMV in immunocompetent patients. Additionally, a positive PCR of acid-fast bacilli and endoscopy of necrotic epithelial cells can be the signs of gastric TB. Gastric infection can lead to further complications and gastric cancer, which increases the disease's burden and cost and lengthens the period of treatment. The clinical findings and symptoms of gastritis caused by CMV and TB are reported in this paper. Understanding gastritis infections might improve the clinical outcome of the condition by allowing better prognosis and earlier therapeutic interventions.
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