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నైరూప్య

A Review on Molecular Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus in Northern Nigeria

Timothy Waje, Ediga B. Agbo, Ahmed Farouk. Umar, Iliyasu M. Y,

Background: Cytomegalovirus, also known as “Human Cytomegalovirus” infects people of all ages. The virus derives its name from its ability to cause cell enlargement, Cyto means cell, while megalo means enlargement. It shares a common characteristic of lifelong latency with other members of Herpesviridae such as: Epstein Bar Virus, Varicella Zoster Virus, Herpes simplex 1 and 2, and Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Virus. These are associated with several illnesses such as oral and genital blisters, congenital disorders, encephalitis, and Kaposi Sarcoma, among others. The virus poses a significant threat to public health worldwide, especially due to its latency and absence of effective medical treatment despite self-limitation.

Methodology: This review covers a systematic review, meta-analysis, and scoping review on cytomegalovirus with a view to assess the viral burden among the studied populations and identify reported states within Northern Nigeria endemic with the virus. The review also identified active infections and effect of the virus on the reported people.

Results: Active pollutions with Cytomegalovirus have been reported among pregnant women in Kebbi State (IgM 1.10%), IgM of 57.90% among blood donors, and 7.10% in HIV patients in Sokoto State, 14.40% IgM among HIV patients with retinitis in Kano, and 11.40%, among HIV patients, 10.50% in Pregnant women and 23.90% among women of reproductive age respectively, in Kaduna State all in Northwest Nigeria. Similarly, in the North, Central active infections were reported in Benue (3.50%) among pregnant women, 19.80% among HIV patients in Bida, and 2.60% among blood donors in Niger State, 24.90% among pregnant women in Kwara State, 21.70% among pregnant women in Kogi State, 10.60% in HIV Children and adolescent in the FCT Abuja, 9.50% among recurrent miscarriage women as well as 4.80% in normal women in Plateau State respectively. Cytomegalovirus decreases CD4 counts among HIV Patients, causes miscarriages among pregnant women, retinitis in HIV patients, and renders blood ineligible for Donation. Therefore, regular medical checkup and treatment of infected cases to prevent complications are recommended.

Keywords

Prevalence; Nigeria; Molecular; Epidemiology